Theory+Study+Guide




 * 6th & 7th GRADE STUDY GUIDE :[[file:Music Theory Study Guide 2016.pdf]] **
 * HONOR CHOIR STUDY GUIDE :[[file:HC Music Theory Study Guide2016.pdf]] **

FLASH CARDS =DOWNLOAD TREBLE CLEF FLASH CARDS : =

DOWNLOAD BASS CLEF FLASH CARDS :

NOTES & RESTS VALUES

SYMBOLS
 * **Measure** || [[image:imagesCAIUL8BC.jpg width="167" height="51"]] ||  || **Treble Clef** || [[image:tclef52.gif width="26" height="55" align="center"]] ||
 * **Bar Line** || [[image:imagesCAZ52YDX.jpg]] ||  || **Bass Clef** || [[image:bclef28.gif align="center"]] ||
 * **Accent** || [[image:accents.jpg width="161" height="39"]] ||  || **Staff** || [[image:1 - staff.png width="80" height="57" align="center"]] ||
 * **Staccato** || [[image:staccto.jpg]] ||  || **Repeat Sign** || [[image:http://www.piano-play-it.com/images/repeat-signs1.png width="128" height="51" align="left" caption="Repeat Signs"]] ||
 * **Double Bar Line** || [[image:double_bar.jpg width="78" height="47"]] ||  || **Coda** || [[image:brkcoda.gif align="center"]] ||
 * **Crescendo** || [[image:crescendo.gif width="65" height="21"]] ||  || **Segno** || [[image:brksegno.gif align="center"]] ||
 * **Decrescendo** || [[image:decrescendo.gif width="64" height="21"]] ||  || **Time Signature** || [[image:time sig 44.png width="16" height="37" align="center"]] ||
 * **Sharp** || [[image:sharp03.gif align="center"]] ||  || **Flat** || [[image:flat06.gif align="center"]] ||
 * **Natural** || [[image:natural02.gif align="center"]] ||  || **Fermata** || [[image:fermatasmall.gif align="center"]] ||

TERMS & DEFINITIONS point to a section marked //Coda// || **Rapidamente** || rapidly, swiftly || when you come to this point, skip to the section at the bottom of the page that has the same sign above it and continue to the end || **Soprano** || the highest vocal range of a female singer || //next// coda to continue || **Subito** || immediately, suddenly, without pause, at once || and play through until the //fine// || **Sfvorzando** || strongly accented, sudden loudness to a chord or note || duration, also indicating a pause of indefinite duration || **Tie** || a curved line connecting two notes indicated to play them as a single note. ||
 * **Accelerando** || to gradually accelerate; to get gradually faster || **Interval** || the distance between two notes ||
 * **Accidental** || symbols such as sharps or flats and naturals that raise or lower a pitch. || **Legato** || to sing or play an instrument smooth and connected ||
 * **Adagio** || slow speed (not too slow) || **Mezzo-forte** || to sing or play an instrument moderately loud ||
 * **Agitato** || to sing or play an instrument in an agitated manner; agitated || **Mezzo-piano** || to sing or play an instrument moderately soft ||
 * **Allegro** || fast || **Moderato** || moderate tempo ||
 * **Alto** || the lowest vocal range of a female singer || **Phrase** || a short musical idea similar to a sentence; also a style of performance that gives shape to the musical phrases ||
 * **Andante** || a walking pace tempo || **Piano** || soft ||
 * **Bass** || the lowest vocal range of a male singer || **Pianissimo** || very soft ||
 * **Bel Canto** || beautiful singing voice || **Poco a poco** || little by little ||
 * **Cantabile** || in a singing style || **Presto** || quick, faster than //allegro//, quickly, rapidly ||
 * **Coda** || a circle or oval with a cross inside it which directs the player to jump from that
 * **Con brio** || with || **Ritardando** || to gradually slow down; get gradually slower ||
 * **Crescendo** || to bet gradually louder || **Rubato** || a flexible tempo of slight accelerandos and ritardandos ||
 * **Da Capo** || to the beginning of a song; from the beginning || **Scale** || a series of tones or pitches in succession ||
 * **Dal Segno** || from the "sign" or segno || **Sharp** || symbol placed before a note to raise the pitch a half-step ||
 * **Decrescendo** || to get gradually softer || **Slur** || a mark used to show where two or more notes are sung in one breath, one word or one syllable, so that the notes move smoothly (i.e. //legato//) one to the other with no break or breath ||
 * **D.C. al Coda** || go back to the beginning of the piece and sing or play until you see the //coda// sign;
 * **D.C. al fine** || return to the beginning and end at the point marked by the word //fine// || **Staccato** || a dot over or under notes that indicate playing the music short and detached. ||
 * **D.S. al coda** || start back at the segno and sing or play until you encounter a coda, then skip to the
 * **D.S. al fine** || go back to the segno sign instead of going to the beginning like the D.C al Fine Sign
 * **D.C. dal segno** || return to the beginning and repeat from the sign || **Tempo** || the speed of the rhythm or beat ||
 * Dynamics || symbols that indicate a change in volume of a song || **Tenor** || the highest vocal range of a male singer ||
 * Fermata || a musical symbol placed over a note or rest to be sung or played beyond its normal
 * Flat || symbol placed before a note to lower the pitch a half-step || **Tutti** || all together (singers or instrumentalists) ||
 * Forte || loud || **Vivace** || vivacious, lively, brisk, sprightly ||
 * **Fortissimo** || very loud ||  ||   ||

NOTES ON THE STAFF

=We use the staff in order to tell the letter name of a note.= =The staff has five lines and four spaces.=



=The music alphabet is: ** A - B - C - D - E - F - G **. These= =letters are given to each line and space on the staff.=



= = =When notes are added onto the staff, they take on the letter= =name of the line or space. Below are the notes on the __**TREBLE CLEF**__.=

=Below are the notes on the BASS CLEF.=

=Below is the Grand Staff. It combines both Treble and Bass clefs notes together.=



=SCALES =

Scales is the foundation of music! There are many different types of scales: major and minor. A major scale is a series of 8 consecutive notes or pitches that use the following pattern of half and whole steps: W-W-H (1/2)-W-W-W-H(1/2). This pattern applies to all MAJOR scales. Notice the example of a scale below:




 * Okay, so here's the $25,000 question: How can you tell the difference between whole steps and half steps? **
 * On the piano keyboard you have black and white keys. If you'll notice, there is a pattern with the black keys. They are formed in patterned groups of two's and three's. Now follow me closely...! **
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 125%;">Look at the piano keyboard below. "Middle C" will be our starting point. First I will identify a whole step. To move from one white key to a black key is a HALF STEP. To move from a black key to a white key is a HALF STEP. Use your math: 1/2 plus 1/2 equals 1 WHOLE. So, from one white key to another as long as there is a black key in between the two, is a whole step! So, from Middle C to D is a whole step! Why? Because there is a black key between the two. How's that? **
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 125%;">Well, you might say, I still don't get it! What if I wanted to start on a black key? Now what? The same prinipal applies. To go from a black key to a white key is a HALF STEP. Then to go from that white key to a black key is another HALF STEP. 1/2 plus 1/2 equals a WHOLE STEP. Make sense? **
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 125%;">Yeah, well what if there is not black key between two white keys? What happens now? This also is very simple! To go from one white key to another white key is a HALF STEP, then you begin counting your steps again. So, from an E to F is a HALF STEP, but from the F to a G is a WHOLE STEP. **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 125%;">How does this look on the piano? It's easier to understand how this looks on the instrument that we sing with:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 125%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">